HSIE Teachers - HSC Geography: Ecosystems at risk
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Intertidal Wetlands - Biophysical Interactions

The ways in which the four spheres interact is critical in determining the extent and nature of intertidal wetlands.

Atmosphere: Microclimates are created e.g. air temperature higher in salt marshes than mangroves; minimal wind movement in mangroves; humidity is generally high; gases are created via the lithosphere e.g. sulfide and nitrogen. 

Hydrosphere: Salinity levels vary with tides and floods. Water movement is slowed by vegetation. Biosphere adds to store of nutrients in the water. The atmosphere contributes gases that are found in water.Erosion of soils results in levels of water turbidity. 

Lithosphere: Small soil particle size; soil is often of a clay mix; vegetation adds to the organic nature of the soils; salinity level of the soil varies with rainfall. The biosphere's organisms recycle nutrients in the lithosphere.

Biosphere: High faunal diversity – low flora diversity, but are highly adapted to the conditions presented by the other spheres.
The distribution and types of species are affected by all of the above. The atmosphere contributes the climate required to support life in intertidal wetlands. The hydrosphere provides the waterlogged and slightly alkaline conditions required for the survival of wetland organisms. 
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L. Swanson
  • Home
    • Assessment
    • Assessment 1 Scaffold
    • Extended Responses
  • Ecosystem Management
    • Biophysical Interactions >
      • Biophysical Interactions extended response
    • Vulnerability and Resilience >
      • Environmental stress extended response
    • Importance of management and protection >
      • Ecosystems Research task
    • Evaluation of management strategies >
      • Evaluating management strategies
      • Evaluating - sample
      • Evaluating - scaffold
    • Mini case studies
    • Ecosystems - ESL Support
  • Tundra
    • Tundra - spatial patterns - analysing photos and maps >
      • Tundra glossary
      • Tundra - Virtual fieldwork
    • Tundra - Biophysical interactions >
      • Tundra - Churchill biophysical interactions
      • Skills: Climate graphs
    • Nature and Rate of Change >
      • Tundra - Climate Change Infographic
    • Human Impacts >
      • Tundra - Cause and Effect
      • Tundra Connections
    • Tundra - Management >
      • Evaluating Management Strategies
      • Tundra - radio collar tracking
  • Intertidal Wetlands
    • Case Studies >
      • Towra Point
      • Homebush Bay
    • Spatial patterns
    • Biophysical Interactions >
      • Weather and climate
      • Geomorphic and hydrological processes
      • Biogeographical processes
      • Adjustments to natural stress
      • Homebush Bay - Biophysical Interactions
    • Nature and rate of change
    • Human impacts >
      • Towra Point - Human Impacts
      • Towra Point - Human impacts activity
      • Homebush Bay - Human Impacts
    • Management practices >
      • Towra Point - Management Strategies
      • Homebush Bay - Management Strategies
    • Intertidal Wetlands Revision Questions
    • Intertidal Wetlands - Fieldwork >
      • Towra Point excursion
  • Coral Reefs
    • Spatial patterns
    • Biophysical Interactions >
      • Weather and climate
      • Geomorphic and hydrological processes
      • Biogeographical processes
      • Adjustments to natural stress
      • Coral Reef Triangle
    • Nature and rate of change
    • Human Impacts >
      • Coral Triangle - Human Impacts
      • Great Barrier Reef - Human Impacts
    • Management practices >
      • Traditional Management Practices
      • Coral Triangle - Management
      • Great Barrier Reef - Management Strategies
    • Coral Reefs - Fieldwork >
      • Coral Triangle - fieldwork
      • Fieldwork - Lizard Island Virtual Fieldsite.
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